Varicose veins lower extremities – chronic pathology that is characterized by thinning of the venous wall, increasing the cardiovascular gaps and the formation of knotty extensions.
The disease is diagnosed in 15-17% of the adult population. In adult life, disease is most frequently diagnosed in women, because of hormonal changes in the body (menopause, pregnancy, menstruation).
Varicose veins in the legs is manifested extensive clinical. The patients complain of the severity and discomfort in the limbs, quick fatigue, swelling of the ankle, cramps in the night, protruding blue veins. For pathology in the context of the lack of adequate treatment leads to various complications.
Causes and risk factors of varicose veins of the lower limbs
Varicose veins of the lower limbs in most of the photos are the result of genetic predisposition. The immediate cause: functional immaturity of the valves of the veins, and the underdevelopment of connective tissue component of blood vessels. This leads to an increase of the load on the inside of blood vessels and the appearance of varicose veins.
The reasons are due to intrinsic factors, related to hypercoagulation – increased coagulation of the blood. In the background of the formed blood clots, which violates the full circulation of blood in the legs, leads to the pathological expansion of venous gaps.
The frequent cause of occurrence of the disease in women – hormonal imbalance. This is based on the change in the concentration of hormones in the blood. It is associated with the onset of menopause and pregnancy.
Causes of varicose veins in the legs:
- The excessive weight. Obesity has mechanical effects on the venous walls, was particularly pronounced this is manifested in the context of abdominal ultrasound type. As a result, the patient increases venous pressure?
- Diabetes mellitus. Due to the complex disturbances of the metabolic processes associated with permanently high blood sugar during the relative insulin deficiency there is a decrease in the elasticity of venous walls with the further extension of them?
- Alcohol dependence. In alcoholism body is not enough liquid, the blood becomes more dense, which leads to disruption of the circulation of the blood?
- Professional factors (permanent immersion in an upright position, excessive physical activity, physical inactivity);
- Wearing uncomfortable shoes, for example, in high-heeled shoes?
- Heavy pathology of the cardiovascular system, which manifest insufficiency of blood circulation.
Lead to varicose veins foot can chronic pathology of the genital organs. In particular, inflammation of the prostate gland in men, and accessories for women.
The mechanism of the development of the disease is based on the participation in the inflammatory process of tiny veins, which leads to swelling and shortness of blood circulation.
The signs and symptoms of varicose veins
Varicose veins of the feet is manifested by various symptoms. Let's start with the external changes. So, the most obvious sign that indicates the occurrence of the disease, is the conversion of the circuit and the form of subcutaneous blood vessels of the legs. It manifests itself with swelling, nodular thickening. The blood vessels become dark in color, are detected iodine and stars.
Trophic ulcers of the feet are considered to be from both sides. Part doctors concerning sores on the symptoms, while other complications in the pathology, reflecting on the past – a more advanced stage of the disease.
Classification of varicose veins in the legs
Varicose veins in the legs is most often diagnosed in older women, than men at that age. At a young age disease in young boys and girls manifested with the same frequency. In accordance with the classification, the disease is primary and secondary in nature. In the first case, the pathological changes relate to surface vessels. Disorders of the structure and the structure of deep vessels missing.
Secondary varicose veins is a complications disease deep veins, resulting in observed negative changes in the surface vessels of the legs. This image is manifested in the context of congenital disorders of the venous system, as well as as a consequence of phlebothrombosis.
Also diseases which are classified in clinical forms. To them belongs varicose veins lateral vessels drumsticks and thighs, reticular shape, and varicose veins telangiectasia. Examine these shapes more:
- Varicose veins lateral veins exist as a separate disease, and in combination with other abnormalities. Reverse throw of venous liquid occurs in a deep vein with the use of subcutaneous and surrounding blood vessels.
- Net (reticular form) manifests itself as a self pathology. Does not lead to venous insufficiency, is solely an aesthetic defect.
- Varicose veins telangiectasia, also, is the cosmetic defect.
In the last few years, surgeons secrete venous insufficiency idiopathic form. It is characterized by increased venous tone, while, for obvious reasons, such a violation cannot be found. Clinical manifestations of the pathology does not differ from the classical clinic.
The stage and degree of varicose veins
He has a problem with the veins veins in the leg is different depending on the stage and grade. For the determination of the additional take into account the clinical the patient. Chronic disease is a few stages that have some differences:
| Stage | Feature |
| Payment | Pain syndrome weak or not. Patients complain of discomfort of the feet due to long standing. It is noted the presence of cardiovascular iodine on the skin, periodically manifests itself with swelling of the ankle, quickly go away after the holidays. |
| Subcompensation | During the visual inspection of the lower limbs of the patient are visible veins with an abnormal diaphragm. Patients have a lot of complaints. In particular, complain about constant pain arching the weather, fatigue, feeling of heaviness in the legs. During the night there are often muscle twitches, run goosebumps" on skin. There is edema (swelling), after a night of sleep in 90% of cases made by yourself. |
| Decompensation | The most difficult stage of varicose veins. Manifest changes from the side of the skin. Becomes excessively dry, hair falls away. In addition, it is hyperpigmentation, which leads to abnormal thickening of the subcutaneous tissue. Cracks and scratches in the legs heal for a long time, it is able to be translated into trophic ulcer. Swollen feet constantly, rest and sleep do not help. Edema have the ability to climb over the legs. |
When the girl or the boy that come to the doctor with the complaints of the described symptoms, the doctor conducts a visual inspection, appoint laboratory tests and methods of design diagnosis. Based on the results of say on the shape, stage and extent of the pathology.
Extent of varicose veins in the legs is determined by the numbers. Zero (0) – clinic has, external changes do not exist? I – swelling, permanent fatigue of the limbs; II – a permanent swelling that is accompanied by hyperpigmentation, uneven seal of the subcutaneous tissue; III – pain that does not pass swelling of the legs, trophic ulcers.
Complications of venous insufficiency
Phlebitis – years with an incurable disease, the treatment, it seeks concrete goals – to inhibit the progression and prevention of complications. If the treatment is assigned wrong, or the patient asks for help from a medical professional, it develop complications of the disease.
Thrombophlebitis is the inflammation of the walls of veins with the presence of clots in the blood. The inflammatory process may involve nearby blood vessels and soft tissues. Secrete various forms. Be acute (lasts 30 days), subacute – duration up to six months and years views.
Migratory thrombophlebitis is rare. It is characterized by inflammation that occurs in various regions of vienna, it passes quickly.
The symptoms include:
- Visually it is visible a clear path for the inflammation of the blood vessels.
- Acute pain syndrome, pain at palpation becomes stronger.
- Swollen nodules protruding above the skin.
- Local increase of temperature.
Thrombophlebitis in a varicose veins in the legs can lead to other complications. For example, the periphlebitis – inflammation of the surrounding tissues, wet gangrene of the limbs, deep vein thrombosis. During the distribution of inflammation appear complications, which extend beyond the ends – thromboembolism, and sepsis.
Deep vein thrombosis – a common complication of varicose veins in the legs. Pathology is characterized by a dense formation of clots, which are fully or partially clogs a blood vessel that breaks, the full blood circulation. When this deterioration there is a risk of death due to the separation of the thrombus.
Trophic ulcers occur in severe cases. Often joins infectious process, which worsens the clinical picture. Wounds can affect not only the fabric, but also the deeper layers of muscle. Treated long-term. Required comprehensive treatment.
Varicose eczema is characterized by these symptoms:
- Inflammatory hyperpigmentation of the skin purple or bright red color?
- Formed microvesicles, that is revealed?
- Intense swelling of the feet;
- Itching of the skin, which is observed all the time?
- Moknutie, after drying dries up?
- Abnormal thickening of the skin.
Varicose eczema can go on for years, with the result that manifested hardening of the skin and subcutaneous tissue.
Upon accession of infection eczema complicated by trophic ulcer.
Conservative treatment of varicose veins in the legs
Conservative treatment of varicose veins includes the use of medication and wearing underwear compression. Compressive knitted in a position of compression and the appointment of the – is for the prevention and treatment of pathology. Tights, stockings and socks have to pick up the doctor, taking account of the specific features. Just the right underwear gives the desired result.
Prescribe medications. Perfect effective medication, which influenced all pathological links disease, there is. It is recommended that the application of the system of drug – tablet, and the local media – gels, balms, creams and ointments.
In addition to designated physical therapy – magnetic therapy, electrophoresis with? a special gym. You can use folk remedies – recipes with herbs it helps to reduce the severity of symptoms.
Sometimes it is recommended that this treatment – treatment with leeches.
Methods of surgical treatment
When the conservative methods give little result, the disease progresses, it is recommended that the conduct of the intervention. Often practiced sclerotherapy. In vienna, there is special essence, which brings together the affected vessel. With the passage of time will be covered through the connective tissue.
Radiofrequency ablation. When you do this, rapid intervention is "welding" of the blood vessels (of the patient) with the help of a catheter that emits waves. Control heats the walls, which leads to their narrowing. After the intervention a little bit is required to wear a compression garment.
Selecting a method for assistance in the patient's surgery depends on many criteria. The doctor takes into account the stage of the disease, the well-being of the patient, the presence of chronic disease, which may be a contraindication for the conduct of the intervention.
Other kinds of surgical treatment:
- Phlebotomy – the doctor removes the affected veins and blood vessels. Through a small hole in the leather is given a tool with crochet, through which the same is plucked boat. This technique is combined – using the surgical intervention and the application of the laser.
- The most effective way for the treatment is considered laser photocoagulation of the veins of the lower limbs. Methodology of execution procedure is performed with minimal cuts and wounds. After a small hole in the skin in a container imported superfine wire, which emits waves of desired frequency. In the exhibition area there is heating. The wall of the grow, that allows you to compensate for the problem.
The stripping is carried out with the help of a small catheter that is inserted through an incision and glue the affected part of vienna. Cryostripping – pathological vessel is inserted into the liquid nitrogen, which leads to the degradation of the area, subsequently not functionality.
Prevention
Preventive measures are of great importance. A favorable prognosis depends not only on the right of doctor's appointments and conducted by the treatment, but the patient – just need to change your way of life, to follow the recommendations phlebologist.
So, there must be continuous wearing underwear compression or bandaging extremity with an elastic bandage. From the comments of patients, the first option is more convenient. Even after surgery, required constant physical activity, but without excessive pressure on the body.
During sleep it is recommended that legs to an elevated position. To do this ends have the pillow or rolled up blanket. If your work is connected with permanent andreas either from the seat, every 60-80 minutes, we need to do a little warm-up, to speed up the circulation of blood in the body.
Women are recommended to refrain from wearing shoes with high heels. Maximum heel height should be 5 cm in All patients should be selected comfortable shoes, to resign from the garment pushing in the extremities.
Varicose veins in the legs – a serious disease that requires a flexible approach to treatment. Only a comprehensive report that consists of medications, compression clothes, physical therapy, motor activity and proper nutrition will lead to a positive result and the attitude of remission.